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Corporate Governance as a Safeguard for Minority Shareholders

Corporate governance protects minority shareholders from majority overreach while supporting accountability, market stability, and investor confidence.

Contractual Liability in Commercial Transactions

Contractual liability in commercial transactions: a legal reading in light of Saudi regulations and its role in securing obligations and reducing disputes.

Liability for the Acts of Others

Liability for the acts of others explains when civil law requires one person to compensate for harm caused by another, despite no direct personal fault.

Amendable Memorandum of Understanding Template

An amendable memorandum of understanding template covering purpose, cooperation scope, confidentiality, term, termination, and signatures.

Limits of the Conclusive Oath in Syrian Civil Evidence

An analytical study of the limits of the conclusive oath in Syrian civil evidence, focusing on formal requirements, official records and public order under Ruling No. 4886 of 1963.

The 5Why Methodology in Legal Practice

The "5Why" methodology in legal practice: How does it uncover the real cause behind losing cases and disputes? In legal practice many believe the loss stems from the court ruling or weak advocacy, but experience shows the judgment is often the result of a chain...

Subject Matter of a Contract under Syrian Law

The subject matter of a contract under Syrian law, its requirements, and how their absence affects validity. A valid contract requires more than mutual consent: the agreed performance must be legally recognizable and capable of producing binding effects.

Terminating an Employment Contract Without Lawful Cause

When does termination without lawful cause constitute unfair dismissal? This article explains potentially unlawful termination under Saudi Labor Law, the distinction between lawful termination and unfair dismissal, and the rights and procedures that help workers protect their legal position.

Delayed Wages or Non-Payment

Delayed wages or non-payment: procedures and rights under Saudi law. Wages are a core element of the employment relationship, and any delay or refusal to pay may affect a worker's fundamental right and require a clear legal response according to the circumstances of the case.

Contractual Capacity under Syrian Law

Contractual capacity under Syrian law: who may conclude a contract, and how does a lack of capacity affect its validity? Consent, a lawful object, and a lawful cause are not enough; the intention must also come from a person with legal capacity to undertake the transaction.

ادراة المخاطر في عقد تأميني

طلبت إحدى شركات المقاولات من كاونسلو مراجعة مجموعة من المستندات التعاقدية والتأمينية بعد تلقيها خطابًا من المقاول الرئيسي يتضمن ملاحظات على وثيقة التأمين، مع مهلة محددة لتصحيح أوجه النقص والتنبيه إلى آثار تعاقدية محتملة إذا لم تتم المعالجة في الوقت المناسب.

Saudi Arabia

How CounselO Proved the Partnership

This case study concerns a commercial dispute over proving a partnership among five parties, each holding 20% in an LLC. After the trial court dismissed the claim due to discrepancies between the partnership agreement and the company’s articles of association, CounselO reviewed the judgment, diagnosed the reason for the loss, and rebuilt an appeal strategy. The strategy prioritized the validity and enforceability of the partnership agreement and relied on evidence and admissions regarding payment of shares. The appeal succeeded: the lower court judgment was overturned and the partnership among the five parties was proven.

Saudi Arabia

How CounselO Achieved Success in a Full Arbitration Case

This file demonstrates CounselO’s role in managing an arbitration matter arising from a construction dispute, including document review, legal strategy formulation, assistance in drafting memoranda, attendance at hearings, and analysis of engineering expert reports. It also highlights CounselO’s role in organizing claims and linking them to evidence, which helped obtain an award for the claimant obliging the respondent to pay multiple amounts for payments and invoices, delay, demolition, attorney’s fees, expert fees, and arbitration costs.

Saudi Arabia

CounselO assists a company in recovering SAR 448,958 under a construction contract

Short summary: CounselO supported a monetary claim arising from a construction contract by reviewing documents and preparing a legal strategy focused on proving the contractual relationship and the approval of invoices without objection. The case concluded with a final judgment ordering the defendant to pay SAR 448,958 to the claimant.

Saudi Arabia

Termination of Commercial Lease Due to Ejari Data Error

The case concerns a commercial lease documented on the “Ejari” platform with data inconsistent with reality: the property was registered as a single unit despite comprising eight units. That prevented the tenant from fully occupying and subletting the premises. CounselO reviewed the case and filed a claim for termination while reserving financial rights. The matter concluded with termination through a binding judicial settlement, achieving the client's practical objective and preserving her financial claims.

Saudi Arabia

Correcting the Legal Characterisation of Employment Contract Termination

This case study involved a labour dispute in which the trial court denied the employee compensation for the remainder of his contract despite established delays in the employer’s wage payments. CounselO reframed the issue on appeal, establishing that the employee’s termination resulted from a material breach by the employer rather than voluntary abandonment. The Court of Appeal adopted this recharacterisation, partially overturned the judgment, and awarded the employee SAR 280,000 while affirming his other rights.

Saudi Arabia

From Document Review to Judgment Granting All Claims

This case study describes CounselO's role in supporting an operations and maintenance company in a construction-contract dispute exceeding SAR 2,000,000, from document review and legal-position analysis prior to filing, through preparing a strategic litigation plan and handling memoranda and defenses during hearings, to securing a judgment in favor of the company on all claims.

Saudi Arabia

When the Dispute Is About Legal Characterization, Not Payments

This document presents a legal case study prepared by CounselO on a primary judgment that obligated a company to repay amounts paid by one of its partners. The study concluded that the issue was not proof of payment but treating those payments as a debt of the company without identifying the statutory source of the obligation. It also criticized the expanded role of the expert report and Article 9 of the Companies Law, and the overlooking of the other partners' financial positions, concluding there was a serious legal basis for appeal.

Saudi Arabia

Termination of Industrial Contract and Recovery of Advance Payment

This matter concerns an industrial contract dispute where performance stalled after an advance payment of SAR 470,000. CounselO reviewed the file and concluded the client was entitled to terminate the contract and recover the payment; the commercial court so ruled.

Saudi Arabia

Rent vs. Enjoyment in Commercial Leasing

This case study examines a commercial lease dispute concerning the landlord’s entitlement to rent where the tenant could not fully enjoy the premises. It concludes that accurate property description and the tenant’s actual ability to enjoy the premises are essential in assessing rent; entitlement depends not merely on the contract’s existence but on the extent of actual enjoyment achieved.

Saudi Arabia